EN 10028-2 Grade P235GH normalized or normalized formed (+N)

TAGS: EN 10028-2 | steel grade | P235GH | pressure vessel steel plate |

EN 10028-2 Grade P235GH normalized or normalized formed (+N) refers to a specific steel grade, P235GH, that conforms to the requirements of EN 10028-2 standard and has undergone normalization or normalized forming treatment.

P235GH is a pressure vessel steel grade that is commonly used in various industrial applications. The normalization process involves heating the steel plate to a specific temperature followed by air cooling in order to refine its microstructure and improve its mechanical properties. Normalized forming is a similar process where the steel is heated and then shaped while still in the austenitic range, followed by subsequent cooling.

The purpose of normalization or normalized forming is to enhance the strength, toughness, and weldability of the steel, making it suitable for pressure vessel applications. These treatments also help to reduce internal stresses and improve the uniformity of the material's structure.

By specifying "normalized" or "normalized formed (+N)" for EN 10028-2 Grade P235GH, it indicates that the steel has been subjected to one of these heat treatment processes to achieve the desired material properties and characteristics for pressure vessel fabrication.

Heat-resistant non-alloy quality steel for application in steam boiler and pressure vessel construction.

Max. application temperature: approx. 400 °C


Property

Temperature

Value

Condition

Related Standards

Shape

Density

20 °C

7.8 g/cm³

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

7.8 - 7.85 g/cm³

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

7.85 g/cm³

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat


Property

Temperature

Value

Condition

Related Standards

Shape

Comment

Elastic modulus

-100 °C

217 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

210 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

210 - 212 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

212 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

100 °C

205 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

100 °C

205 - 207 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

100 °C

207 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

200 °C

195 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

200 °C

195 - 199 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

200 °C

199 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

300 °C

185 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

300 °C

185 - 192 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

300 °C

192 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

400 °C

175 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

400 °C

175 - 184 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

400 °C

184 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

500 °C

175 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

600 °C

164 GPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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Elongation

15.2 %

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Predicted Value, A200

16.5 %

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Predicted Value, A80

18.9 %

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Predicted Value, A5

19.4 %

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Predicted Value, A50

20.2 %

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Predicted Value, A80 Transverse

20 °C

24 %

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

24 %

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Hardness, Brinell

245 [-]

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Predicted Value, Transverse

Poisson's ratio

20 °C

0.284 [-]

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Reduction of area

41.4 %

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Predicted Value

42.4 %

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Predicted Value, Transverse

Shear modulus

82 GPa

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Typical for Low Carbon Steel

Shear strength

536 MPa

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Predicted Value

Tensile strength

20 °C

340 - 480 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

340 - 480 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

350 - 480 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

350 - 480 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

360 - 480 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

360 - 480 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Yield strength

285.7 MPa

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Predicted Value, RP1 Transverse

295.4 MPa

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Predicted Value, RP1

359.7 MPa

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Predicted Value, RP05

413.1 MPa

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Predicted Value, RP02 Transverse

592.9 MPa

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Predicted Value, RP002

20 °C

170 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

170 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

185 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

185 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

200 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

200 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

215 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

215 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

225 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

225 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

235 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Transverse

20 °C

235 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

50 °C

164 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

50 °C

179 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

50 °C

193 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

50 °C

208 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

50 °C

218 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

50 °C

227 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

100 °C

155 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

100 °C

168 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

100 °C

182 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

100 °C

196 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

100 °C

205 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

100 °C

214 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

150 °C

143 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

150 °C

156 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

150 °C

169 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

150 °C

181 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

150 °C

190 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

150 °C

198 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

200 °C

132 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

200 °C

143 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

200 °C

155 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

200 °C

167 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

200 °C

174 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

200 °C

182 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

250 °C

121 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

250 °C

131 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

250 °C

142 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

250 °C

153 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

250 °C

160 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

250 °C

167 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

300 °C

111 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

300 °C

121 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

300 °C

130 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

300 °C

140 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

300 °C

147 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

300 °C

153 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

350 °C

103 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

350 °C

112 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

350 °C

121 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

350 °C

130 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

350 °C

136 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

350 °C

142 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

400 °C

97 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

400 °C

105 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

400 °C

114 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

400 °C

122 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

400 °C

128 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

RP02

400 °C

133 MPa

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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RP02


Property

Temperature

Value

Condition

Related Standards

Shape

Comment

Coefficient of thermal expansion

-100 °C

1.08e-05 1/K

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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20 °C

1.19e-05 1/K

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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100 °C

1.25e-05 1/K

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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200 °C

1.3e-05 1/K

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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300 °C

1.36e-05 1/K

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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400 °C

1.41e-05 1/K

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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500 °C

1.45e-05 1/K

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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600 °C

1.49e-05 1/K

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Max service temperature

20 - 400 °C

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Long

400 °C

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Long

500 °C

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Typical for Carbon Steel

Melting point

1480 - 1526 °C

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Typical for Low Carbon Steel

Specific heat capacity

-100 °C

423 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

450 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

450 - 461 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

20 °C

461 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

100 °C

479 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

200 °C

499 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

300 °C

517 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

400 °C

536 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

500 °C

558 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

600 °C

587 J/(kg·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Thermal conductivity

20 °C

46.8 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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20 °C

46.8 - 57.5 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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20 °C

57.5 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

100 °C

43 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

100 °C

43 - 55.7 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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100 °C

55.7 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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200 °C

40 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

200 °C

40 - 51.9 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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200 °C

51.9 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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300 °C

36 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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300 °C

36 - 47.6 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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300 °C

47.6 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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400 °C

32 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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400 °C

32 - 43.4 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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400 °C

43.4 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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500 °C

29 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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500 °C

29 - 39.6 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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500 °C

39.6 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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600 °C

36 W/(m·K)

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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Thermal diffusivity

20 °C

15.9 mm²/s

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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100 °C

14.3 mm²/s

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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200 °C

12.5 mm²/s

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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300 °C

10.8 mm²/s

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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400 °C

9.2 mm²/s

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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500 °C

7.6 mm²/s

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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600 °C

6.1 mm²/s

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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Property

Temperature

Value

Condition

Related Standards

Shape

Comment

Electrical conductivity

6 S/m

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Predicted Value

Electrical resistivity

20 °C

1.1e-07 Ω·m

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

100 °C

2.3e-07 Ω·m

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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200 °C

3.04e-07 Ω·m

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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300 °C

3.94e-07 Ω·m

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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400 °C

5.01e-07 Ω·m

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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500 °C

6.25e-07 Ω·m

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

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600 °C

7.7e-07 Ω·m

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normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat


Property

Value

Comment

Curie temperature

770 °C

Show Material materials with Curie temperature of 770 °C

Typical for Low Carbon Steel


Property

Value

Condition

Related Standards

Shape

Aluminium

0.02 %

Show Material materials with Aluminium of 0.02 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Carbon

0.16 %

Show Material materials with Carbon of 0.16 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Chromium

0.3 %

Show Material materials with Chromium of 0.3 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Copper

0.3 %

Show Material materials with Copper of 0.3 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Manganese

0.6 - 1.2 %

Show Material materials with Manganese of 0.6 - 1.2 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Molybdenum

0.08 %

Show Material materials with Molybdenum of 0.08 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Nickel

0.3 %

Show Material materials with Nickel of 0.3 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Niobium

0.02 %

Show Material materials with Niobium of 0.02 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Nitrogen

0.012 %

Show Material materials with Nitrogen of 0.012 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Phosphorus

0.025 %

Show Material materials with Phosphorus of 0.025 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Silicon

0.35 %

Show Material materials with Silicon of 0.35 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Sulfur

0.01 %

Show Material materials with Sulfur of 0.01 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

0.015 %

Show Material materials with Sulfur of 0.015 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Titanium

0.03 %

Show Material materials with Titanium of 0.03 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat

Vanadium

0.02 %

Show Material materials with Vanadium of 0.02 %

normalized or normalized formed (+N)

EN 10028-2

Flat


Property

Supplier Disclaimer

The given information is a rough description and some properties can depend on various factors such as product thickness. Please contact the supplier or refer to the related norm or standard for further information.

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