TAGS: ASTM A131 | Grade AH32 | Shipbuilding Steel Plate | Shipbuilding | Shipbuilding Steel |
ASTM A131 Grade AH32
ASTM A131 is a widely recognized academic standard that provides specifications for structural steel used in shipbuilding. From an academic perspective, the description of ASTM A131 can be as follows:
ASTM A131 is a standard specification for structural steel plates, shapes, and bars intended for use in ship construction. The standard encompasses multiple grades of low-carbon, high-strength steel specifically designed for marine applications. These grades include A, B, D, E, AH32, DH32, EH32, AH36, DH36, EH36, AH40, DH40, and EH40.
The specification outlines the chemical composition requirements, mechanical properties, and other relevant characteristics of each grade. The chemical composition typically includes elements such as carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, nitrogen, and aluminum. Each element contributes to the steel's properties and performance in terms of strength, weldability, and corrosion resistance.
The mechanical properties specified in ASTM A131 cover parameters like yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and impact toughness. These values determine the steel's ability to withstand applied loads, deformations, and harsh environments encountered in marine operations.
the standard may require specific testing procedures, such as Charpy V-notch impact testing and notch toughness testing, to assess the material's behavior under different loading conditions. These tests evaluate the steel's ability to absorb energy and resist fracture, ensuring its reliability and safety in service.
ASTM A131 Grade AH32 is a high-strength, low-alloy structural steel specifically designed for shipbuilding applications. Here is a professional description of its chemical composition, physical properties, application, impact testing, notch toughness testing, and ultrasonic testing:
Chemical Composition (Percentage by Weight):
Carbon (C): ≤0.18%
Manganese (Mn): 0.90-1.60%
Phosphorus (P): ≤0.035%
Sulfur (S): ≤0.035%
Silicon (Si): 0.10-0.50%
Nickel (Ni): ≤0.40%
Chromium (Cr): ≤0.20%
Copper (Cu): ≤0.35%
Molybdenum (Mo): ≤0.08%
Vanadium (V): ≤0.05%
Nitrogen (N): ≤0.010%
Aluminum (Al): ≥0.015%
Physical Properties:
Density: 7.85 g/cm³ (0.2836 lb/in³)
Melting Point: 1415-1470°C (2579-2678°F)
Mechanical Properties (Minimum Values at Ambient Temperature):
Yield Strength (Ry): ≥315 MPa (45,700 psi)
Tensile Strength (RT): 440-590 MPa (63,800-85,600 psi)
Elongation (A): ≥22%
Impact Testing:
ASTM A131 Grade AH32 undergoes Charpy V-notch impact testing to measure its ability to absorb energy during rapid deformation. The average Charpy impact energy value should be ≥34 J (25 ft·lbf) at a specified temperature, typically 0°C (32°F).
Notch Toughness Testing:
Notch toughness testing evaluates the material's resistance to brittle fracture under stress concentration at the notch or discontinuity. ASTM A131 Grade AH32 is expected to possess good notch toughness properties, ensuring its capability to resist crack initiation and propagation.
Ultrasonic Testing:
Ultrasonic testing is conducted on ASTM A131 Grade AH32 steel to detect internal defects, such as voids, inclusions, or discontinuities. This non-destructive testing method uses high-frequency sound waves to evaluate the integrity and soundness of the material.
Usage/Application:
ASTM A131 Grade AH32 steel is primarily used in the construction of ships and marine structures requiring high strength and durability. It finds application in the fabrication of hulls, decks, and other structural components for various types of vessels, including naval ships, commercial ships, and offshore platforms. The steel's chemical composition and mechanical properties make it suitable for withstanding harsh marine environments, heavy loads, and impact forces.
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Property
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Temperature
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Value
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Comment
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|---|---|---|---|
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Density
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23.0 °C
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7.8 - 7.9 g/cm³
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Typical for Low Carbon Steel
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Property
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Temperature
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Value
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Comment
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|---|---|---|---|
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Elastic modulus
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23.0 °C
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200 - 215 GPa
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Typical for Low Carbon Steel
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Elongation A200
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23.0 °C
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14 - 22 %
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Elongation A50
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23.0 °C
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20 %
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Poisson's ratio
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23.0 °C
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0.29 [-]
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Typical for Low Carbon Steel
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Shear modulus
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23.0 °C
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82 GPa
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Typical for Low Carbon Steel
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Tensile strength
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23.0 °C
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440 - 590 MPa
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Yield strength
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23.0 °C
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315 MPa
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Property
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Temperature
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Value
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Comment
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|---|---|---|---|
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Coefficient of thermal expansion
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23.0 °C
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1.32E-5 - 1.38E-5 1/K
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Typical for Low Carbon Steel
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Max service temperature
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500 °C
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Typical for Carbon Steel
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Melting point
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1480 - 1526 °C
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Typical for Low Carbon Steel
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Specific heat capacity
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23.0 °C
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465 J/(kg·K)
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Typical for Low Carbon Steel
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Thermal conductivity
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23.0 °C
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25 - 93 W/(m·K)
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Typical for Low Carbon Steel
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Property
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Temperature
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Value
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Comment
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|---|---|---|---|
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Electrical resistivity
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23.0 °C
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1.43E-7 - 1.74E-7 Ω·m
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Typical for Carbon Steel
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Property
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Value
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Comment
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|---|---|---|
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Curie temperature
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770 °C
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Typical for Low Carbon Steel
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Property
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Value
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|---|---|
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Aluminium
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0.015 %
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Calcium
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5E-3 %
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Carbon
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0.18 %
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Chromium
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0.2 %
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Copper
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0.35 %
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Manganese
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0.9 - 1.6 %
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Molybdenum
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0.08 %
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Nickel
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0.4 %
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Niobium
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0.02 - 0.05 %
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Phosphorus
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0.04 %
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Silicon
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0.1 - 0.5 %
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Sulfur
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0.035 %
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Titanium
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0.02 %
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Vanadium
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0.05 - 0.1 %
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